130n@calvinlai.com
  • About Calvin Lai (fkclai)
  • My Work
  • Cyber Security
    • Cyber Security Centre (CSC)
      • Why we need a CSC
      • CSC Team Structure: Roles, Functions, and Tools
        • Key Function & Role
        • Tools & Platforms
        • People
        • Outsource Strategy
      • HRMC Executive Paper
  • Detection and Response
    • Playbook: Threat Prioritization & Automated Response Strategies
      • Scenario: Detecting and Mitigating a Ransomware Attack
      • Scenario: DC Sync Attack Detected and Mitigated
      • Scenario: Pass-the-Hash (PtH) Attack Detected and Contained
      • Scenario: Phishing Campaign with Malware / Credential Theft Detected and Mitigated
  • Application Architecture
    • Comparison of MVC , N-tier and Microservice Architecture
  • Application Security
    • OAuth, SAML, and OpenID Connect: Key Differences and Use Cases
    • Secure Coding Principles
    • HTTP Header Security Principles
    • Mitigating Broken Object Level Authorization (BOLA)
    • Spring Boot Validation
    • Output Encoding in JavaServer Faces (JSF)
    • Session Management Security Issues
    • Common API Security Problems
      • Broken Authentication
      • Excessive Data Exposure
      • Lack of Resources & Rate Limiting
      • Broken Function Level Authorization
      • Unsafe Consumption of APIs
    • JAVA Exception Handling
    • File Upload Validation
    • OAuth 2.0 Security
      • Insecure Storage of Access Tokens
    • Microservice Security
      • Sample Coding Demo
        • Service Implementation
        • Client Interaction
      • Security Solution for Microservices Architecture
    • Modifying and Protecting Java Class Files
      • Modify a Class File Inside a WAR File
      • Direct Bytecode Editing
        • Steps to Directly Edit a Java Class File
          • Update: Java Bytecode Editing Tools
      • Techniques to Protect Java Class Files
        • Runtime Decryption in WebLogic
    • JAVA Program
      • Secure, Concurrent Web Access Using Java and Tor
      • Creating a Maven Java project in Visual Studio Code
  • Exploit/CVE PoC
    • ZeroLogon Exploit
    • Remote Retrieved Chrome saved Encrypted Password
    • Twitter Control an RCE attack
  • Hacking Report (HTB)
    • Hits & Summary
      • Tools & Cheat Sheet
    • Windows Machine
      • Love 10.10.10.239
      • Blackfield 10.10.10.192
      • Remote 10.10.10.180
      • Sauna 10.10.10.175
      • Forest 10.10.10.161
      • Sniper
      • Json
      • Heist
      • Blue
      • Legacy
      • Resolute
      • Cascade
    • Linux Machine
      • Photobomb 10.10.11.182
      • Pandora 10.10.11.136
      • BountyHunter 10.10.11.100
      • CAP 10.10.10.245
      • Spectra 10.10.10.229
      • Ready 10.10.10.220
      • Doctor 10.10.10.209
      • Bucket 10.10.10.212
      • Blunder 10.10.10.191
      • Registry 10.10.10.159
      • Magic
      • Tabby
  • Penetration Testing
    • Web Application PenTest
    • Network/System PenTest
    • Mobile Penetration Test
      • Certificate Pinning
        • Certificate Pinning Bypass (Android)
          • Root a Android Device
          • Setup Proxy Tool - Burp Suite
      • Checklist
  • Threat Intelligence
    • Advanced Persistent Threat (APT) groups
      • North Korean APT Groups
      • Chinese APT Groups
      • Russian APT Groups
      • Other APT
  • Red Team (Windows)
    • 01 Reconnaissance
    • 02 Privileges Escalation
    • 03 Lateral Movement
    • 04 AD Attacks
      • DCSync
    • 05 Bypass-Evasion
    • 06 Kerberos Attack
    • 99 Basic Command
  • Exploitation Guide
    • 01 Reconnaissance
    • 02 Port Enumeration
    • 03 Web Enumeration
    • 04 Windows Enum & Exploit
      • Windows Credential Dumping
        • Credential Dumping: SAM
        • Credential Dumping: DCSync
      • Kerberos Attack
      • RDP
    • 05 File Enumeration
    • 06 Reverse Shell Cheat Sheet
      • Windows Reverse Shell
      • Linux Reverse Shell
    • 07 SQL Injection
    • 08 BruteForce
    • 09 XSS Bypass Checklist
    • 10 Spring Boot
    • 11 WPA
    • 12 Payload list
  • Vuln Hub (Writeup)
    • MrRobot
    • CYBERRY
    • MATRIX 1
    • Node-1
    • DPwwn-1
    • DC7
    • AiWeb-2
    • AiWeb-1
    • BrainPan
  • CTF (Writeup & Tips)
    • CTF Tools & Tips
    • Hacker One
    • CTF Learn
    • P.W.N. University - CTF 2018
    • HITCON
    • Pwnable
      • 01 Start
  • Useful Command/Tools
    • Kali
    • Windows
    • Linux
  • Offensive Security Lab & Exam
    • Lab
    • Tools for an Offensive Certification
      • Strategy for an Offensive Exam Certification
        • CVEs
        • Privilege Escalation
        • Commands
        • Impacket
  • ISO 27001
    • Disclaimer
    • What is ISO 27001
      • Implementation
    • Documentation
    • Common Mistake
    • Q&A
      • Can internal audit to replace the risk assessment
      • Is it sufficient for only the IT department head to support the ISO 27001 program
      • Does the Business Continuity Plan (BCP) and a Disaster Recovery Plan (DRP) are the same?
    • ISO 27001 Controls and Domains
      • 1. Information Security Policies
      • 2. Organization of Information Security
      • 3. Human Resource Security
      • 4. Asset Management
      • 5. Access Control
      • 6. Cryptographic Controls
      • 7. Physical and Environmental Security
      • 8: Operational Security
      • 9. Communications Security
      • 10. System Acquisition, Development, and Maintenance
      • 11. Supplier Relationships
      • 12: Information Security Incident Management
      • 13. Information Security Aspects of Business Continuity Management
      • 14. Compliance
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On this page
  • Information Gathering/Information Leakage
  • Encryption
  • Authentication
  • Authorization
  • Password Management
  • Session / Cookie Management
  • Broken Access Control
  • Validation
  • Web Service API
  • Others check

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  1. Penetration Testing

Web Application PenTest

Information Gathering/Information Leakage

  • Identify the product information with the latest version

  • Outdated components or known vulnerability (CVE) found in the identified product

  • Access to the default URL or admin page of the identified product

  • Any opening port other than 80 and 443

  • Any sensitive data found on the website

Encryption

  • HTTPS is enabled and only TLS 1.2 or above is available

  • Correctness of the certification information

  • SSL Certificate strength, at least > 2048 bits

  • Weak Ciphers are supported

Authentication

  • Only use the POST HTTP method to transfer the login data

  • Possible to change the valid session with another user id during the login process

  • Browser back to resend the login

  • Possible to identify user id from the application response/behaviour

  • Cached in session key or cookie with login information / sensitive data

  • Default / guessable login credentials used

  • Implemented effective logout mechanism, e.g. invalidate the session and login required

  • Implemented session timeout, e.g. max of 1 hour if no business requirement.

  • Implemented CAPTCHA or other brute force attack prevention mechanism

  • Implemented account locking mechanism

  • Does not allow multiple logins

Authorization

  • Possible to obtain higher-level function access

  • Possible to obtain other user’s data

  • Is the site structure guessable and accessible

  • Vulnerable to Path Traversal attack

Password Management

  • What is the password policy

  • Allow change password

  • Implemented the maximal length of the password

  • Vulnerable to the reset password process

Session / Cookie Management

  • Session-Id stored in the cookie only

  • Vulnerable to the Session fixation or CSRF attack

  • Session-Id change after login

  • Session-Id guessable

  • The cookie session lifetime setting, expired when the browser is closed

  • Restricted the cookie access within the same domain, HTTP Only and secure flag enable

Broken Access Control

  • Higher Privilege functions should not be able to be executed by lower privilege

  • Server-side checking implementation or hidden URL or parameter driven

  • JS Functions via the developer console

  • Copy and Paste of URL

Validation

  • Input data are parsed or encoded for output

  • Implemented the server-side parsing mechanism

  • CSP enables correctly

  • Parameter bypass Character

    • // /\ \\ %00 @ ''

    • URL encoding

    • double encodings

  • Captcha Bypass

    • Change of HTTP request type

    • Modify or remove the captcha parameter

    • Parameter pollution

    • No timeout or session mechanism

    • Guessable

  • Open redirect bypass

    • JS open redirects

    • Hiddenlink open redirects

    • using // /\ %00 @ to bypass

    • Parameter pollution

  • JWT

    • Secret is leaked

    • The server never checks the secret

    • The secret is guessable or brute forceable

  • CSRF

    • Check the CSRF Token exists on the CRUD action

    • Server-side or client-side validation

    • Token length and guessable

    • Any parameter with token

    • Accepts empty parameter

    • Responds without CSRF token

    • The token is not session bound

  • Vulnerable to Injection of

o XSS (included: Reflected, Stored and DOM Based )

o SQL (included: Error, Union, Boolean, and time base)

o XPath

o XML

o Command

o LDAP

Web Service API

  • Guessable of the API service call

  • Authentication required

  • Authorization implemented

  • All input validate on the server-side

  • All input/output data format is defined with validation control

Others check

  • Clickjacking

  • Frame Tampering

  • Invalidated redirects and forwards

  • Secure HTTP Respond Header setting

  • Error handling

  • File upload control

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Last updated 2 years ago

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